American Psychological Association Referencing Style

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is widely accepted in the social sciences and many other fields. The APA citation format requires parenthetical citations within the text instead of endnotes or footnotes. Citations in the text provide brief information, the name of the author and the year of publication, to lead the reader to find the source of information in the reference list at the end of the paper.

This handout is based on the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), but is not a comprehensive guide. For all rules and requirements of APA citations, please consult the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Referencing Style

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Style is used primarily for publications in engineering, electronics, telecommunications, and computer science and information technology.